Identifying Areas of Invasion Risk and Changes in the Ecological Niche Occupied by the Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae).

Insects of economic importance such as Leucoptera coffeella can cause high defoliation in plants and reduce crop yields. We aimed to identify changes in the ecological niche and potential zones of the invasion. Occurrence records were obtained from databases and bibliography. WorldClim V2.0 bioclimatic layers were used. For the modeling of the potential distribution, the kuenm R package was used by executing the Maxent algorithm. The potential distribution models suggested greatest environmental suitability extends from Europe, South Asia, and Central and South Africa, showing the "tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests" as the ecoregion that presents the greatest probability of the presence of L. coffeella. The potential distribution model projected in the invaded area agrees with the known distribution in the region (America), although the results show that it is occupying environmental spaces not present in the area of origin. This species presented a large proportion of the invaded niche that overlaps the native niche and is colonizing new environmental conditions in the invaded area relative to its native distribution (Africa). This information could be used in the planning of coffee crops on the American continent.

Electronically Mediated Magnetic Anisotropy in Vibrating Magnetic Molecules.

We address the electronically induced anisotropy field acting on a spin moment in a vibrating magnetic molecule located in the junction between ferromagnetic metals. Under weak coupling between the electrons and molecular vibrations, the nature of the anisotropy can be changed from favoring a high spin (easy-axis) magnetic moment to a low spin (easy plane) by applying a temperature difference or a voltage bias across the junction. For unequal spin polarizations in ferromagnetic metals, it is shown that the character of the anisotropy is essentially determined by the properties of the weaker ferromagnet. By increasing the temperature in this metal or introducing a voltage bias, its influence can be suppressed such that the dominant contribution to the anisotropy is interchanged to the stronger ferromagnet. With increasing coupling strength between the molecular vibrations and the electrons, the nature of the anisotropy is locked into favoring easy-plane magnetism.

Donantes de órganos en muerte cerebral por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego en cráneo: una trágica realidad que beneficia receptores de órganos en Colombia / Fire arm wounded cerebral death organ donors: a tragic reality that benefits organ receptors in Colombia

Antecedentes y objetivo. Los pacientes con muerte encefálica por trauma craneoencefálico secundario a herida por proyectil de arma de fuego ayudan a mitigar la necesidad de donantes de órganos y tejidos. En Colombia, el 78 % de los homicidios son por arma de fuego. Se buscaba describir la experiencia con donantes de órganos y tejidos con muerte encefálica secundaria a trauma craneoencefálico por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego en un centro colombiano de trasplantes. Materiales y métodos. Se trató de un estudio de cohorte histórica retrospectiva. Se caracterizaron 169 donantes con diagnóstico de muerte encefálica secundaria a trauma craneoencefálico por herida con proyectil de arma de fuego en la institución, entre 2010 y 2016. Las variables cualitativas se evaluaron mediante proporciones, las variables cuantitativas continuas, con medidas de tendencia central, y la supervivencia, con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes eran de sexo masculino (93 %), con una mediana de edad de 21 años (rango intercuartílico, RIQ=17-27) y el 32 % tenía antecedentes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. El 12 % de los pacientes necesitó manejo con hemoderivados y el 62 % requirió dosis altas de vasopresores. Se trasplantaron 338 órganos sólidos. La supervivencia del injerto renal y hepático a un año fue de 90 % y 85 %, respectivamente, y a 5 años, de 87 % y 76 %. Conclusiones. Según este estudio, la mayoría de estos pacientes eran hombres jóvenes con órganos potencialmente trasplantables que mostraron excelentes resultados en la supervivencia de los injertos. Consideramos que estos donantes son una buena alternativa para aumentar el número de donantes de órganos y tejidos

Background and objectives: Patients with brain death (BD) due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a gunshot (GS) wound in the skull contribute to mitigate the demand for organ and tissue donors. In Colombia, 78% of the homicides are by GS. We describe our experience with BD secondary to TBI by GS organ and tissue donors at a transplant center in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective historical cohort study for characterization of donors diagnosed with BD secondary to TBI by GS at our institution in the period 2010-2016 (n=169). Qualitative variables were assessed by proportions, continuous quantitative variables with measures of central tendency, and survival with Kaplan Meier. Results: The majority of the patients were male (93%), with a median age of 21 years (RIQ 17-27), 32% had history of psychoactive substance use. 12% of the patient's required management with blood products and 62% with high doses of vasopressors. 338 solid organs were transplanted. Survival of the renal and hepatic graft at one year was 90% and 85% respectively and at five years of 87% and 76%. Conclusions: According to our study, the majority of these patients are young men with potentially transplantable organs, showing excellent results in the survival of the grafts. We consider these donors to be a good alternative to increase the number of organ and tissue donors

Latent force models for describing transcriptional regulation processes in the embryo development problem for the Drosophila melanogaster.

In the embryo development problem for the Drosophila melanogaster, a set of molecules known as mor-phogens are responsible for the embryo segmentation. These morphogens are encoded by different genes, including the GAP genes, maternal coordination genes and pair-rule genes. One of the maternal coordination genes encodes the Bicoid morphogen, which is the responsible for the development of the Drosophila embryo at the anterior part and for the control and regulation of the GAP genes in segmentation of the early development of the Drosophila melanogaster. The work presented in this document, reports a methodology that tends to integrate mechanistic and data driven based models, aiming at making inference over the mRNA Bicoid from gene expression data at the protein level for the Bicoid morphogen. The fundamental contribution of this work is the description of the concentration gradient of the Bicoid morphogen in the continuous spatio-temporal domain as well as the output regression (gene expression at protein level) using a Gaussian process described by a mechanistically inspired covariance function. Regression results and metrics computed for the Bicoid protein expression both in the temporal and spatial domains, showed outstanding performance with respect to reported experiments from previous studies. In this paper, a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9758 against a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9086 is being reported, as well as a SMSE of 0.0303±0.1512 against a SMSE of 0.1106±0.5090 and finally reporting a MSLL of -1.7036 ± 1.3472 against -1.0151±1.7669.